AKT1 and cancer: In addition, saline, instead of TAT-PHLPP3a (lacking binding capability to its membrane adaptor), was used as control for this study, as prior work showed that a peptide with a structure and design similar to that of TAT-PHLPP3a showed no significant differences following saline and control peptide administration on AKT phosphorylation, heart function, and survival in cardiomyocytes, isolated rat hearts, and a whole mouse CA model, respectively (13).