In this multicentre retrospective cohort study, we show that NSTIs in neutropenic patients have specific features: (1) More frequent abdomino-perineal location, nosocomial infections, bacteraemia; (2) Less Streptococcus pyogenes and more Pseudomonas aeruginosa documentation than non-neutropenic patients; (3) Higher ICU and in-hospital mortality than patients with non-neutropenic NSTIs and (4) G-CSF administration was associated with in-hospital survival. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and nosocomial infection.