TNF and neoplasm: Clinical and experimental studies shown that LLR reduces the secretion of proinflammatory factors, such as IL-6, C-reactive protein, TNF alpha, or NFkB and preserves better postoperative immunity.35,39,40 These two factors appear to play an important role in tumor development and metastasis as well as in the production of tumor angiogenesis and secretion of tumor-promoting mitogens, which could lead to cancer recurrence and negatively impact survival.41