Genes involved in neuroplasticity, synaptic function (C1QBP, APP, NEFL, LRRN3, MEF2C, THY1), and neuron-microglia crosstalk (CD200 and IL34) were downregulated in NHD brains (Fig. 6a and Supplementary Table 6, online resource). This evidence concerns the gene IL34 and Nasu-Hakola disease.