THBS2 and lung carcinoma: TSP-2 mediates integrin production to mediate matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, invasion and migration in lung cancer cells.[30] TSP-2 also inhibits cell invasion by downregulating MMP-9 and uridylyl phosphate adenosine activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines, suggesting that TSP-2 may be a potent inhibitor of pancreatic cancer metastasis.[31] In addition, the effect of TSP-2 on angiogenesis may also indirectly affect the tumor immune response, which is a topic worthy of further investigation (Fig. 2).