CTLA4 and renal cell carcinoma: These results corroborated with those of Laurence, who reported that there were double-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells as checkpoint inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).[28] Elsewhere, Kovaleva reported that RCC-specific macrophages were suitable for therapeutic targeting in RCC.[29] Notably, PD-1 plays a significant role in antitumor activity and has been confirmed to be an immune checkpoint across multiple malignancies.[30,31] On the other hand, CTLA4 is an immune checkpoint for antitumor immunological reactions.