Interestingly, the HIV glycoprotein gp120 also increases P2X7 receptor protein and mRNA levels in BV2 microglial cells, contributing to nuclear factor-kappa B activation and secretion of inflammatory molecules, leading to microglial loss and neurological alterations such as memory loss and cognitive impairment (41, 44). The gene discussed is P2RX7; the disease is Cognitive impairment.