Preclinical data have shown that apatinib could relieve hypoxia, enhance CD8+ T cell infiltration, decrease the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages in tumors and the amount of TGF-β in both tumors and serum, and generate synergistic antitumor effects with PD-L1 blockade in lung cancer (27). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and lung carcinoma.