CD8A and neoplasm: Indeed, ALI organoids grown from mouse tumors inoculated into syngeneic immunocompetent mice (i.e., B16-SIY, MC38, and A20) and from diverse human cancer biopsies, (such as NSCLC, melanoma, and renal cell carcinoma) exhibited antigen-specific clonal CD8+ T cell expansion, activation and subsequent tumor killing in response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies (213).