Subsequently, we tested whether the contrast agents cause CARPA reactions in an in vivo porcine model.39 Symptoms of CARPA include hemodynamic and cardiopulmonary changes, with the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in pigs being the most common.45 In addition, hematologic changes such as leukopenia or leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, skin reactions and elevated thromboxane B2 (TXB2), as well as C-reactive protein levels are also important biomarkers of CARPA.45 The results demonstrated that both ferumoxytol and ferucarbotran induced strong CARPA reactions in pigs even at low doses. This evidence concerns the gene CRP and skin reaction.