In this regard, Lanneau et al [36] reported that HSPs play a critical role in maintaining the balance between cell death and survival through modulating several signalling cascades such as JNK, AKT, and NF-κB. The ability of cells to recover following heat shock and gain thermotolerance explains why several studies indicate that HT modalities, when applied alone, are insufficient to kill cancer cells. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is cancer.