FGF23 and chronic kidney disease: Molecules proven to be involved in VC in CKD include klotho, FGF23, matrix Gla protein (MGP), Gla-rich protein (GRP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone morpho-genetic protein 7 (BMP-7), and the newly found deoxycholic acid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) (7–12).