HMGB1 and cardiac hypertrophy: For example, some protein molecules, such as modified citrus pectin (a specific inhibitor of galectin-3), cardiac transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif containing 1 (TMBIM1), HMGB1, EGFR, human mesenchymal stem cells, and erythropoietin (EPO), in the heart reverse pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by blocking the TLR4 signaling pathway (109, 115–117).