Gender, hospitalization time, smoking, minor amputation, previous diabetes foot ulcers, Duration of Diabetes and DFUs, HbA1c, UACR, inflammatory markers level, blood lipids, insulin use, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic retinopathy (partial data not shown) exhibited no significant associations with all-cause mortality of patients with DFUs. Here, INS is linked to diabetic kidney disease.