ALB and hepatitis B virus infection: Studies have associated lower immune response in hemodialysis patients with a number of risk factors, including age older 65 [5,22,23,24], nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccination, low serum albumin, lymphocytosis, IgG levels, use of immunosuppressants, high dialysis inadequacy, dialysis vintage, and high intravenous iron dose [12,13,24,25,26,27].