PDCD1 and glioblastoma: For example, the PLGA nanoparticles coated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-engineered macrophage membrane were constructed (PD-1-MM@PLGA/RAPA NPs) to facilitate immune checkpoint blockade combined with chemotherapy (e.g., Rapamycin) for glioblastoma treatment (Figure 10A) [132].