DHX58 and infection: This is, however, very unlikely since in most of the cell lines under investigation in our study, type-I IFN production and release can be induced by other PRR ligands such as poly(I:C) or by infection with the avirulent, lentogenic, NDV virus (Ulster 2C) that can partially evade RLR-dependent type-I IFN production only in avian cells but not in mammalian hosts [51].