CST3 and acute kidney injury: At endpoint, three standard serum biomarkers of renal injury were also analyzed, namely serum creatinine, BUN, and serum Cystatin C. The AKI-specific serum biomarkers, BUN and sCysC, were significantly increased in the sera of 1KI mice compared to mice in all other groups, suggesting that infected mice with two kidneys were able to manage the insult and limit the renal damage, as suggested by the uNGAL levels as well (Figure 3A,B).