Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of esculin (5 mg/kg by intraperitoneal route) was also reported in the DSS model of intestinal inflammation in BALBc mice, protecting intestinal damage, inhibiting NF-κB signaling with reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and simultaneous increase in nuclear localization of PPAR-γ [85]. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is gastroenteritis.