TNF and inflammatory response: In the DSS model of intestinal inflammation using BALB/c mice, daphnetin at 4, 8, and 16 mg/Kg orally administered, ameliorated gut macroscopic and microscopic damages, downregulated TNF-α, CXCL1, and CXCL2, upregulated IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine, and reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis, increasing the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria [100].