Improvements were also observed in HOMA-IR [13,112], serum fasting plasma glucose and insulin [112], and body weight [113] in patients with T2D after being treated with vitamin D. Additional trials on females with T2D [28] or with gestational diabetes [114] who were given vitamin D supplements or placebo confirmed the positive role of T2D. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.