A. muciniphila has been proven to enhance the antitumor efficacy of interleukin (IL)-2; in murine models of melanoma and CRC, the combined administration of IL-2 and A. muciniphila reduced the tumor burden and improved survival compared with IL-2 treatment alone, primarily by stimulating the response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against cancer cells and by decreasing the number and the activity of T-regs. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.