TAAR1 and viral load: In summary, the antiviral effect of Tα1 can be summarized into two aspects: on the one hand, Tα1 can directly inhibit virus replication and viral protein expression by increasing the expression of cell surface-related antigens [19,31,32,33]; on the other hand, after the virus enters the body, Tα1 can treat viral diseases by enhancing T cell function, activating dendritic cells and macrophages, increasing the phagocytic activity of dendritic cells and the cytotoxicity of NK cells, activating TLRs, and starting MAPK, Jak, NF-κB, and other signaling pathways [22,51,54,55,57,58,59].