Tα1 can directly induce functional maturation of DCs via TLRs (such as TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, TLR9, et al.), activate signal transduction pathways, such as the MyD88-dependent pathway and the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and enhance the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17, thereby conferring protection against viral infections [40,55,56]. This evidence concerns the gene TAAR1 and viral infectious disease.