This is a significant finding as increased estrogenic activity—either induced by pathological overexpression of ER or mediated by estrogen-like compounds encountered, for instance, via the diet—has been shown to be an important factor in some types of cancer (e.g., breast, colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer [124]), as it stimulates cell growth and proliferation, promoting cancer initiation [125]. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is cancer.