HMGB1 and neoplasm: Nano-DOX (a delivery form of doxorubicin) stimulates the tumor cells and the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to release the cytokine HMGB1, which, through the RAGE/NF-κB pathway, induce PD-L1 in the tumor cells and PD-L1/PD-1 in the tumor-associated macrophages [117].