TLR9 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: This finding can be explained in that TLR9 is linked to the recognition of microbiota-derived metabolites that result from intestinal dysbiosis and is capable of recognizing mtDNA from injured hepatocytes, such as that which results from the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which has a crucial role in NASH progression [47].