ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Thus, obesity is responsible for kidney impairment due to a mechanism that is not related to T2DM and that is implied in both ‘whole kidney’ and ‘single nephron’ glomerular hyperfiltration through unique mechanisms such as perirenal fat deposition, adiponectin dysregulation, RAAS activation, aldosterone overexpression and mineralocorticoid receptor ligand-independent activation [32,42,43,44,45,46].