Abbreviations: EGFR = epidermal growth factor receptor; ALK = anaplastic lymphoma kinase; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; PD-L1 = programmed cell death ligand 1; cCRT = concurrent chemoradiotherapy; ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor; SBRT = stereotactic body radiotherapy; PD-1 = programmed death 1; SCLC = small cell lung cancer; SCCHN = squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; CRT = chemoradiotherapy; CT = chemotherapy; SoC = standard of care; LC = lung cancer. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.