The cytokine spectrum, including pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and IL-21 as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β, has been identified as possible novel targets for treating intestinal inflammation in studies using tissues from individuals with IBD and animal models of IBD [81,82]. The gene discussed is IL21; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.