The limited studies indicate a significant increase in the CD4+CD28null T lymphocyte population in women with PCOS and HAF rats that mimic many of the characteristics of PCOS; additionally, the association of perforin/granzyme-B levels with hyperandrogenism in PCOS strongly suggests a detrimental role in vascular diseases in PCOS [35,42,47,67,94]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and hyperandrogenism.