PDK1 and neoplasm: FGF19: [308]↓ gluconeogenesis↑ glycogen synthesis↑ peripheral insulin sensitivity↑ glucose metabolism↓ lipogenesis↑ fatty acid oxidationFGF21: [309,310]- ↑ PGC-1α- ↑ mitochondrial ATP production- ↑ hepatic gluconeogenesis- ↑ ketogenesisMitochondrial FGFR1-like receptor [310]:- ↑ PDHK1 ┤PDH → ↓ pyruvate to acetyl-CoA conversion → ↓ glycolysisα/βKlotho (tumor suppressor effects—some effects only seen in tumor cells) [311,312,313]:↓ glycolysis (via HK, PFK-1, PK2, PDHK1)↓ fatty acid synthesis↓ GLUT expression (GLUT1, GLUT4)↓ lactate transporter expression (MCT4)↓ ROS production┤autophagy