Hesperidin also lessens BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the IB/NF-kB,/ TGF-1/MPK, Smad3, and oxide-inflammatory marker (HO-1 and Nrf2) pro-inflammatory marker (IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-6) pathways. Here, SMAD3 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.