Secondly, regarding the possible discriminative ability of syndecan-1 in predicting acute HF in a heterogenous population, in our study we observed a substantial diagnostic performance exhibited by this novel biomarker, mirrored by its AUC of 0.898, a value similar to that of established biomarkers, such as NT-proBNP and hs-troponin. This evidence concerns the gene SDC1 and hydrops fetalis.