NLRP3 and atherosclerosis: Furthermore, monosodium urate and cholesterol crystals, and islet amyloid polypeptides can damage the phagolysosome membrane and promote persistent activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, also known as NALP3 or cryopyrin, causing severe inflammatory diseases such as gout, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus [19,20,21].