PINK1 and Parkinson disease: With the completion of large GWAS, some genes that are altered in PD have been identified in OC, such as SNCA (encoding PARK1 and PARK4, expressed in OC but not in normal ovarian tissue) [44], Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1)(encoding PARK5, associated with p53 ubiquitination, silenced in OC) [45], PINK (encoding PARK6, heterozygous mutation in OC), and ATP13A2 (encoding PARK9, missense mutation in OC) [43].