MTOR and Parkinson disease: On the other hand, commonalities in PD and OC regarding molecular mechanisms such as protein misfolding and degradation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, mitochondria and oxidative stress, and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)- Protein Kinase B (AKT)- mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway have been widely noted [43].