Immunofluorescence of “low-risk” and “high-risk” OPMD lesions (n = 24) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 10) as the control group was performed to assess histone acetylation levels and DNA damage through the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX). This evidence concerns the gene H2AX and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.