Due to the pivotal role of BDNF in the learning and memory processes discussed above, it is not surprising that dysfunctions or downregulations of BDNF pathway are involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including dementia, which are mainly characterized by neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunctions, and cognitive decline [94,95,96,97,98]. This evidence concerns the gene BDNF and dementia.