TARDBP and HIV-1 infection: Thus, viral particles obtained in cells overexpressing the NLS-TDP-43 mutant were more efficient when infecting permissive CD4+ T cells compared to viral particles carrying low amounts of Vif and Pr55Gag proteins (Figure 3A, data on the HIV-1 infection capacity histogram), as obtained from wt-TDP-43 overexpressing cells (Figure 3A,B) with stabilized and increased levels of HDAC6 (Figure 2A,B).