Previous studies dealt with the evaluation of 44Sc-appended avb3 integrin–affine Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, GRPR-selective aminobenzoyl–bombesin analogue (AMBA), and hypoxia-associated nitroimidazole derivatives in the identification of various cancers using experimental tumour models. This evidence concerns the gene GRPR and neoplasm.