CXCL8 and cancer: In accordance with this hypothesis, metabolomic profiles associated with cancers are also associated with cervical inflammation and HPV infections [22], and increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) have been shown in the vaginal fluids of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [23].