VCAM1 and atherosclerosis: Furthermore, PCA can inhibit intercellular adhesion molecule 1-dependent (ICAM1-dependent) monocyte adhesion and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), as well as CCL2-mediated monocyte transmigration, thereby reducing the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.