Together with hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α for metabolic reprogramming, these proteins are key players in the effects of CAFs and cause the induction of the EMT, promotion of proliferation, survival and migration of BC cells, self-renewal of CSC, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, ECM production and remodeling, and metabolic reprogramming of BC cells. Here, HIF1A is linked to breast cancer.