MTOR and neoplasm: In the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, HIF-1α is activated through the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), and JAK (Janus kinase)-STAT signaling pathways by receptors on the plasma membrane (e.g., TCR-T cell receptor, GFR-growth factor receptor, IL-6R and TLR-Toll-like receptor) [71].