TGFB1 and neoplasm: M1-type macrophages, which are associated with an inflammatory response by releasing proinflammatory cytokines inducing a Th1 (T helper type 1) immune response; and M2-type macrophages, which are usually associated with tumor progression through their secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and TGF-β, inhibiting Th1 immune responses, and by promoting tumor invasion and metastasis [30].