TWIST1 and osteosarcoma: Furthermore, Salas et al. authors suggested elevated predictive value of a high score of both pSTAT3 and pERK1 in combination (90%) could be used as a surrogate marker for diagnostic purposes [15] Another signal transduction pathway and angiogenesis gene group found in poor chemotherapy response in osteosarcoma patients included ERBB4/HER2, AKR1C4, TWIST1, TMPO, MCM2, FGFR1, and PTN [8,9,10,14,16].