These include catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase (HO), glutathione reductase, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Vitamins E and C. Microglia and astrocytes are the primary producers of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), the latter is produced by endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), or neuronal NOS (nNOS) during ischemic brain injury, which together influence synaptic transmission as well as non-synaptic communication between neurons and glia [20,21]. Here, NOS1 is linked to brain injury.