Moreover, the partial knockdown of NDUFS3 has similar protective effects as CPT in the contexts of aging, brain tumor, and AD, and CPT treatment in the NDUFS3 knockdown condition did not offer additional benefits [47,89], supporting the assertion thatCPT specifically engages with RET through NDUFS3 in vivo to offer its biological benefits. This evidence concerns the gene NDUFS3 and brain neoplasm.