IL1B and osteoarthritis: In an animal model of osteoarthritis, HMW HA significantly reduced TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, and NF-kB expression in synoviocytes along with reduced mRNA and protein production for several pro-inflammatory molecules (e.g., TNFα, IL-1β, IL-17, MMP-13, inducible nitrous oxide synthase).