TNF and major depressive disorder: The beneficial effect of camphor as AD could be mainly attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities that ↑ catalase, Nrf-2 expression, and ↓ NO, MDA, TNF-α, and TLR4 production. In addition, it up-regulated P190-RHO GTP protein, an actin reorganiser, thus improving locomotor activity and restoring neurotransmitter function and structure, countering histopathological changes; hence, it may be beneficial in ↓ ciprofloxacin-induced depression