TNF and major depressive disorder: BTS has considerable potential as an anti-NI and AD agent, as it has clear effects on depressive behaviours and associated factors caused by reserpine-induced depression. BDNF and pCREB in the Hippoc ↑ in BTS-treated mice vs. reserpine-treated mice. Il1β, Il6, and TNFα mRNA levels in BTS mice were ↓ vs. reserpine-treated mice.