Total calcium, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), myeloperoxidase, and severe neurodegeneration were also examined, as they were strongly associated with VCR-induced neuropathy in animal models [3,4,5,6,7,8]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neuropathy.