To ensure that these results were indicative of generalizable properties of osteosarcoma tumors (and not simply an artifact of our chosen model system), we validated the presence of these intratumoral subsets defined by glycolysis, hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and TNFα signaling via NFKB within scRNA-seq datasets generated directly from patient tumors (see Additional file 12: Figure S19 – S22, Additional file 13: Figure S23 – S28). Here, TNF is linked to osteosarcoma.