Combination therapy of TYMS shRNA and pemetrexed also sensitized mesothelioma xenografts prolonging mouse survival [38], suggesting that the clinical benefit of pemetrexed as a first-line treatment for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and NSCLC could improve by downregulating TYMS. The gene discussed is TYMS; the disease is malignant pleural mesothelioma.