UMAP and clustering grouped Bm cells by IgG (clusters 1–5), IgM (clusters 6 and 7) and IgA (clusters 8 and 9) expression and revealed a phenotypical shift from acute infection to months 6 and 12 post-infection characterized by increased expression of CD21 on S+ Bm cells, whereas expression of Blimp-1, Ki-67, CD11c, CD71 and FcRL5 diminished (Extended Data Fig. 4a,c). Here, PRDM1 is linked to infection.